Entanglement Dynamics Induced by a Three-Level Laser Coupled to the Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe68.5.295Keywords:
operator dynamics, photon statistics, quadrature squeezing, second-order correlations, photon entanglementAbstract
We have studied the squeezing and entanglement properties of the light induced by a three-level laser coupled to the squeezed vacuum reservoir. Applying the pertinent master equation, we have obtained the evolution equations for the cavity mode variables. Using the solutions of the resulting equations, the squeezing properties, entanglement amplification, and the normalized second-order correlation function of the cavity radiation are described. We have seen that the light generated by a three-level laser is in a squeezed state, and the squeezing occurs in the plus quadrature. In addition, we have also established that the effect of the squeezed parameter increases the mean and variance of the photon number. It is found that the squeezing and entanglement in the two-mode light are directly related. As a result, an increase in the degree of squeezing directly leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and vice versa. This shows that, whenever there is squeezing in the two-mode light, there exists an entanglement in the system.
References
M.O. Scully, K. Wodkiewicz, M.S. Zubairy, J. Bergou, N. Lu, J. Meyer ter Vehn. Two-photon correlated-spontaneous-emission laser. Quantum noise quenching and squeezing. Phys. Rev. 60, 1832 (1988).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1832
F. Kassahun. Fundamental of Quantum Optics (Lulu, 2010).
N. Lu, F. Zhao, J. Bergou. Nonlinear theory of a two-photon correlated-spontaneous-emission laser: A coherently pumped two-level-two-photon laser. Phys. Rev. A 39, 5189 (1989).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.39.5189
N.A. Ansari. Effect of atomic coherence on the second and higher-order squeezing in a two-photon three-level cascade atomic system. Phys. Rev. A 48, 4686 (1993).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.48.4686
Y. Tewodros. Darge and Fesseha Kassahun. Coherently driven degenerate three-level laser with parametric amplifier. PMC Physics B 1 (2010).
E. Alebachew, K. Fesseha. A degenerate three-level laser with a parametric amplifier. Opt. Commun. 265, 314 (2006).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.03.017
The Quantum Analysis of Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes with Thermal Reservoirs. Int. J. Opt. 2020, 11 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7198091
N.A. Ansari, J. Gea-Banacloche, M.S. Zubairy. Phase-sensitive amplification in a three-level atomic system. Phys. Rev. A 41, 5179 (1990).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.41.5179
F. Kassahun. Three-level laser dynamics with the atoms pumped by electron bombardment. https://arXiv:1105.1438v3 quant-ph (2012).
Fesseha Kassahun. Refined Quantum Analysis of Light, Revised Edition (Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2016).
C.A. Blockely, D.F. Walls. Intensity fluctuations in a frequency down-conversion process with three-level atoms. Phys. Rev. A 43, 5049 (1991).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.5049
K. Fesseha. Three-level laser dynamics with squeezed light. Phys. Rev. 63, 33811 (2001).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.63.033811
K. Fesseha. Stimulated emission by two-level atoms pumped to the upper level. Opt. Commun. 284, 1357 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.11.026
K. Fesseha. The commutation relation for cavity mode operators. ArXiv.1611.01003v2 quant-Ph 29 March (2018).
Tamirat Abebe. Coherently driven nondegenerate threelevel laser with noiseless vacuum reservoir. Bulg. J. Phys. 45, 357 (2018).
S. Tesfa. Entanglement amplification in a nondegenerate three-level cascade laser. Phys. Rev. A 74, 043816 (2006).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043816
Menisha Alemu. Spontaneous emission by three-level atoms pumped by electron bombardment. Universal J. Phys. Appl. 14 (1), 11 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujpa.2020.140102
C.G. Feyisa, T. Abebe, N. Gemechu. Continuous-variable entanglement adjustable by phase fluctuation and classical pumping field in a correlated emission laser seeded with squeezed light. J. Russ. Laser. Res. 41, 563 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-020-09911-8
M.O. Scully, M.S. Zubairy. Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 1997).
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813993
C. Gerry, P.L. Knight. Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791239
T. Abebe. Enhancement of squeezing and entanglement in a non-degenerate three-level cascade laser with coherently driven cavity. Ukr. J. Phys. 63, 733 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.8.733
Swapan Mandal. On the possibilty of continuous generation of squeezed states in a quartic anharmonic oscillator. J. Phys. B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Phys. 33, 1029 (2000).
https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/33/5/316
Swapan Mandal. Squeezing, higher order squeezing, photon bunching and photon antibunching in a quadratic Hamiltonian. Modern Phys. Lett. B 16, 963 (2002).
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984902004445
N. Lu, S. Zhu. Quantum theory of two-photon correlated spontaneous-emission lasers. Exact atom-field interaction Hamiltonian approach. Phys. Rev. A 40, 5735 (1989).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5735
R.E. Slusher, L.W. Hollberg, B. Yurke, J.C. Mertz, J.F. Valley. Observation of squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2409 (1985).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2409
E. Alebachew. A coherently driven two-level atom inside a parametric oscillator. J. Mod. Opt. 55, 1159 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340701624641
E. Alebachew. Bright entangled light from two-mode cascade laser. Opt. Commun. 281, 6124 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.08.052
D. Ayehu. Squeezing and entanglement properties of the cavity light with decoherence in a cascade three-level laser. J. Russ. Laser Res. 42, 136 (2021).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
