Exploring Baryon Rich Matter with Heavy-Ion Collisions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.7.583Keywords:
heavy-ion collisions, HADES, vector meson dominance, dileptons, strangenessAbstract
Collisions of heavy nuclei at (ultra-)relativistic energies provide a fascinating opportunity to re-create various forms of matter in the laboratory. For a short extent of time (10-22 s), matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density can exist. In dedicated experiments, one explores the microscopic structure of strongly interacting matter and its phase diagram. In heavy-ion reactions at SIS18 collision energies, matter is substantially compressed (2–3 times ground-state density), while moderate temperatures are reached (T < 70 MeV). The conditions closely resemble those that prevail, e.g., in neutron star mergers. Matter under such conditions is currently being studied at the High Acceptance DiElecton Spectrometer (HADES). Important topics of the research program are the mechanisms of strangeness production, the emissivity of matter, and the role of baryonic resonances herein. In this contribution, we will focus on the important experimental results obtained by HADES in Au+Au collisions at 2.4 GeV center-of-mass energy. We will also present perspectives for future experiments with HADES and CBM at SIS100, where higher beam energies and intensities will allow for the studies of the first-order deconfinement phase transition and its critical endpoint.
References
M. Hanauske et al. Neutron star mergers: Probing the EoS of hot, dense matter by gravitational waves. Particles 2, 44 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/particles2010004
G. Agakichiev et al. (HADES). The high-acceptance dielectron spectrometer HADES. Eur. Phys. J. A 41, 243 (2009).
G. Ramalho, M.T. Pe?na, J. Weil, H. van Hees, U. Mosel. Role of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the ?(1232) > y*N timelike transition. Phys. Rev. D 93, 033004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.033004
M. Bashkanov, H. Clement. On a Possible Explanation of the DLS Puzzle. Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2014-14107-9
G. Ramalho, M.T. Pe?na, J. Weil, H. van Hees, U. Mosel. The high-acceptance dielectron spectrometer HADES. Phys. Rev. D 93, 033004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.033004
R. Shyam, U. Mosel. Dilepton production in proton-proton and quasi-free proton-neutron reactions at 1.25 GeV. Phys. Rev. C 82, 062201 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.062201
M. Z?et?enyi, Gy. Wolf. Dilepton decays of baryon resonances. Heavy Ion Phys. 17, 27 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.17.2003.1.5
F. Dohrmann et al. A versatile method for simulating pp>pp e+e? and dp>pn e+e? p(spec) reactions. Eur. Phys. J. A 45, 401 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2010-11012-3
F. Iachello and Q. Wan. Structure of the nucleon from electromagnetic timelike form factors. Phys. Rev. C 69, 055204 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055204
Q. Wan, F. Iachello. A unified description of baryon electromagnetic form factors. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 1846 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X05023463
Q. Wan, PhD Thesis. A Unified Approach to Baryon Electromagnetic Form Factors (Yale University, New Haven, (2007).
J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. (HADES Collaboration). ?(1232) Dalitz decay in proton-proton collisions at T = 1.25 GeV measured with HADES at GSI. Phys. Rev. C 95, 065205 (2017).
J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. (HADES Collaboration). entrality determination of Au + Au collisions at 1.23A GeV with HADES. Eur. Phys. J. A 53, 149 (2017).
J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. (HADES Collaboration). Probing dense baryon-rich matter with virtual photons. Nature Physics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0583-8
S. Endres et al.. Dilepton production and reaction dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies from coarse-grained transport simulations. Phys. Rev. C 92, 014911 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014911
T. Galatyuk et al. Thermal dileptons from coarse-grained transport as fireball probes at SIS energies. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 131 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16131-1
J. Staudenmaier et al. Dilepton production and resonance properties within a new hadronic transport approach in the context of the GSI-HADES experimental data. Phys. Rev. C 98, 054908 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.054908
E. L. Bratkovskaya et al. System size and energy dependence of dilepton production in heavy-ion collisions at 1-2 GeV/nucleon energies. Phys. Rev. C 87, 064907 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.87.064907
J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. (HADES Collaboration). Sub-threshold production of Ks0 mesons and ? hyperons in Au+Au collisions at vSNN = 2.4 GeV. Phys. Lett. B 793, 457 (2019).
J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. (HADES Collaboration). Deep sub-threshold ф production in Au+Au collisions. Phys. Lett. B 778, 403 (2018).
S.A. Bass et al. Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41, 225 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00058-1
C. Hartnack. et al. Modeling the many body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective. Eur. Phys. J. A 1, 151 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100500050045
W. Cassing, E.L. Bratkovskaya. Hadronic and electromagnetic probes of hot and dense nuclear matter. Phys. Rept. 308, 65 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00028-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
