Excitation of Isomeric States of Cadmium and Tellurium Nuclei in (γ, n) Reaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe71.11.847Keywords:
flux-weighted average yields, cross sections, activation method, gamma-spectrometry, TALYS-1.96, TALYS-2.2, photonuclear reactions, cadmium, telluriumAbstract
The flux-weighted average yields of the ¹²⁰Te(γ, n)¹¹⁹Teᵐ, ¹²²Te(γ, n)¹²¹Teᵐ, ¹²⁴Te(γ, n)¹²³Teᵐ, ¹²⁶Te(γ, n)¹²⁵Teᵐ, ¹²⁸Te(γ, n)¹²⁷Teᵐ, ¹³⁰Te(γ, n)¹²⁹Teᵐ, ¹¹²Cd(γ, n)¹¹¹Cdᵐ, and ¹¹⁶Cd(γ, n)¹¹⁵Cdᵐ reactions at the endpoint energy of bremsstrahlung γ-quanta Ebr = 17.5 MeV have been measured for the first time. A completely statistical character of the reactions on cadmium nuclei and a significant contribution of non-statistical mechanisms in the case of tellurium nuclei have been found. In the former case, the measured flux-weighted average yields were in satisfactory agreement with the results of modeling within the framework of the TALYS-1.96 and TALYS-2.2 codes, whereas deviations were observed in the latter case.
References
1. S.S. Ditrich, B.L. Berman. Atlas of photoneutron cross sections obtained with monoenergetic photons. At. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 38, 199 (1988).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(88)90033-2
2. V.V. Varlamov, B.S. Ishkhanov, V.N. Orlin, N.N. Peskov, M.E. Stepanov. New data on (γ, n), (γ, 2n), and (γ, 3n) partial photoneutron reactions. Phys. At. Nucl. 76, 1403 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778813110148
3. A. Veyssire, H. Beil, R. Bergere, P. Carlos, A. Lepretre. Photoneutron cross sections of ²⁰⁸Pb and ¹⁹⁷Au. Nucl. Phys. A 159, 561 (1970).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(70)90727-X
4. V.A. Zheltonozhsky, A.M. Savrasov, M.V. Zheltonozhskaya, A.P. Chernyaev. Excitation of ¹⁷⁷,¹⁷⁸Lu in reactions with bremsstrahlung with escaping of charged particles. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 476, 68 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.04.012
5. https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdecayscheme.jsp?nucleus=180HF&dsid=180ta%20ec%20decay&unc=nds; https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdecayscheme.jsp?nucleus=180W&dsid=180ta%20bM%20decay&unc=nds.
6. N.V. Strilchuk. The WinSpectrum Manual (Institute for Nuclear Research, Kyiv, 2000).
7. S. Agstinelli et al. (Geant4 Collaboration). GEANT4 - a simulation toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506, 250 (2003).
8. https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/.
9. E. Browne, R.B. Firestone. Table of Isotopes. 7th Edition. Edited by V.S. Shirley (Wiley Interscience, 1986).
10. J.F. Briesmeister. MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-particle Transport Code. Version 4B. Manual (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1997).
11. V.A Zheltonozhsky, A.M. Savrasov. Population cross-section of ¹⁷⁹ᵐ²Hf from the reactions on hafnium and tantalum targets. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 438, 20 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.10.007
12. V.M. Mazur, Z.M. Bigan, P.S. Derechkey, V.A. Zheltonozhsky, A.M. Savrasov. Study of the cross sections for (γ, n)-reactions on p-nuclei ¹²⁰Te, ¹³⁶Ce in the giant E1-resonance energy region. Nucl. Phys. At. Energ. 20, 228 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2019.03.228
13. T.D. Thiep, T.T. An, P.V. Cuong, N.T. Khai, N.T. Vinh, A.G. Belov, O.D. Maslov. The isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural tellurium induced by bremsstrahlung with endpoint energies in the giant dipole resonance region. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 289, 637 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1137-4
14. V.M. Mazur, Z.M. Bigan, D.M. Symochko, T.V. Poltorzhytska. Cross sections of isomeric state excitation of the ¹¹⁹Te and ¹²¹Te nuclei in (γ, n) reactions in an energy range of 9-20 MeV. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20, 2329 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301311020320
15. V.M. Mazur, Z.M. Bigan, D.M. Symochko, T.V. Poltorzhytska. Cross sections of isomeric state excitation of the ¹¹⁹Te and ¹²¹Te nuclei in (γ, n) reactions in an energy range of 9-20 MeV. Phys. Part. Nucl. 9, 248 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477112030119
16. V.M. Mazur, D.M. Symochko, Z.M. Bigan, T.V. Poltorzhytska. Excitation of the ¹¹⁹Teᵐ, ¹²¹Teᵐ, ¹²³Teᵐ, ¹²⁷Teᵐ, and ¹²⁹Teᵐ isomers in (γ, n) reactions from 10 to 22 MeV. Phys. Rev. C 87, 044604 (2013).
17. A. Lepretre, H. Beil, R. Bergére, P. Carlos, J. Fagot, A. De Miniac, A. Veyssière, H. Miyase. A study of the giant dipole resonance in doubly even tellurium and cerium isotopes. Nucl. Phys. A 258, 350 (1976).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(76)90011-7
18. A.J. Koning, D. Rochman. Modern nuclear data evaluation with the TALYS code system. Nucl. Data Sheets 113, 2841 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2012.11.002
19. A. Gilbert, A.G.W. Cameron. A composite nuclear-level density formula with shell corrections. Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965).
https://doi.org/10.1139/p65-139
20. S. Hilaire, M. Girod, S. Goriely, A.J. Koning. Temperature-dependent combinatorial level densities with the D1M Gogny force. Phys. Rev. C 86, 064317 (2012).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
