Optical and Structural Properties of Nanopowders of Lead Compounds Obtained by the Electrochemical Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe69.5.349Keywords:
α- and β-lead oxides, lead carbonate, XRD structural studies, nanoparticle size, Debye–Scherrer formula, Raman scattering, photoluminescenceAbstract
The influence of the temperature and electrolyte composition on the synthesis of nanopowders of lead compounds using the electrochemical method has been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out, and their results are used to determine the composition of obtained specimens and the size of nanocrystallites in them (using the Debye–Scherrer formula). The possibility of the formation of lead oxides and lead carbonate, when electrochemically synthesizing nanoparticles is discussed. It is shown that a mixture of lead oxide and lead carbonate nanocrystals is obtained irrespective of the electrolyte temperature. The results of XRD structural studies are compared with the results of Raman studies of the same specimens. The photoluminescence bands of synthesized compounds are analyzed.
References
I.M. Trachtenberg, N.M. Dmitrukha, S.P. Lugovskyi, I.S. Chekman, V.O. Kuprii, A.M. Doroshenko. Lead is a dangerous pollutant. The old and new problem. Suchas. Probl. Toksykol. Kharch..Khim. Bezpek. 3, 14 (2015) (in Ukrainian).
O. Grynko, T. Thibault, E. Pineau, A. Reznik. The Xray sensitivity of an amorphous lead oxide photoconductor. Sensors 21, 7321 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217321
V.N. Suryawanshi, A.S. Varpe, M.D. Deshpande. Band gap engineering in PbO nanostructured thin films by Mn doping. Thin Solid Films 645, 87 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.10.016
Q. Li, C. Feng. Electrochemical performance of nanostructured PbO@C obtained by sol-gel method. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 3127 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4411-y
D.L. Perry, T.J. Wilkinson. Synthesis of high-purity α- and β-PbO and possible applications to synthesis and processing of other lead oxide materials. Appl. Phys. A 89, 77 (2007).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4073-y
O. Semeniuk, A. Csik, S. K¨ok'eenyesi, A. Reznik. Ion-assisted deposition of amorphous PbO layers. J. Mater. Sci. 52, 7937 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0998-5
K.T. Arulmozhi, N. Mythili. Studies on the chemical synthesis and characterization of lead oxide nanoparticles with different organic capping agents. AIP Advances 3, 122122 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858419
S. Bratos, M. Wulff, J.-C. Leicknam, R. Vuilleumier, X. Rozanska. Visualizing chemical reactions with X-rays. Ukr. J. Phys. 56, 763 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe56.8.763
M. Torabi. Electrochemical evaluation of PbO nanoparticles as anode for lithium ion batteries (technical note). Int. J. Eng. 24, 351 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ije.2011.24.04b.05
O.Z. Didenko, P.E. Stryzhak, G.R. Kosmambetova, N.S. Kalchuk. Synthesis and morphology of low-dimensional quantum ZnO/MgO systems. Fiz. Khim. Tverd. Tila 10, 106 (2009) (in Ukrainian).
N.B. Danilevska, M.V. Moroz, B.D. Nechyporuk, B.P. Rudyk. Preparation and properties of nanostructured ZnS and ZnO. Zh. Mano-Electron. Fiz. 8, 01006 (2016) (in Ukrainian).
https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.8(1).01006
L.M. Kovba, V.K. Trunov. X-ray Phase Analysis (Moscow State Univ. Publ. House, 1976) (in Russian).
A.V. Lysytsia, M.V. Moroz, B.D. Nechyporuk, B.P. Rudyk, B.F. Shamsutdynov. Physical properties of nanocrystals of zinc compounds obtained using the electrolytic method. Fiz. Khim. Tverd. Tila 22, 160 (2021) (in Ukrainian).
https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.1.160-167
X. Zhu, L. Li, X. Sun, D. Yang, L. Gao, J. Liu, R.V. Kumar, J. Yang. Preparation of basic lead oxide from spent lead acid battery paste via chemical conversion. Hydrometallurgy 117-118, 24 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.01.006
X. Zhu, J. Yang, L. Gao, J. Liu, D. Yang, X. Sun, W. Zhang, Q. Wang, L. Li, D. He, R.V. Kumar. Preparation of lead carbonate from spent lead paste via chemical conversion. Hydrometallurgy 134-135, 47 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.01.018
N.B. Danilevska, M.V. Moroz, M.Yu. Novoseletskyi, B.P. Rudyk. The influence of technological regimes on the physical properties of zinc oxide nanocrystals obtained using the electrolytic method. Zh. Fiz. Dosl. 20, 3601 (2016) (in Ukrainian)
https://doi.org/10.30970/jps.20.3601
A. Aliakbari, E. Najafi, M.M. Amini, S. Weng Ng. Structure and photoluminescence properties of lead(II) oxide nanoparticles synthesized from a new lead(II) coordination polymer. Monatsh. Chem. 145, 1277 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-014-1202-0
B. Pathak, P.K. Kalita, N. Aomoa, J.P.R. Choudhury, H. Das. Shell induced optoelectronic characteristics of chemically synthesized PbO/ZnO core/shell nanocomposites for memcapacitive application. Physica E 139, 115157 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2022.115157
H.J. Terpstra, R.A. de Groot, C. Haas. Electronic structure of the lead monoxides: Band-structure calculations and photoelectron spectra. Phys. Rev. B 52, 11690 (1995)
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.52.11690
V.A. Gaisin, D.S. Nedzvetskii, V.I. Filippov, N.Ya. Chistyakova, M.K. Sheinkman. Opt. Spektrosk. 48, 775 (1980) (in Russian)
T.H. Matsumoto, K. Kato, M. Miyamoto, M. Sano, E.A. Zhukov, T. Yao. Correlation between grain size and optical properties in zinc oxide thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1231 (2002)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1499991
H. Harad, Y. Sasa, M. Uda. Crystal data for β-PbO2. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 14, 141 (1981)
https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889881008959
U. Houssermann, P. Berastegui, S. Carlson, J. Haines, J.-M. Leger. TlF and PbO under high pressure: Unexpected persistence of the stereochemically active electron pair. Angew. Chem. 113, 4760 (2001)
https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20011217)113:24<4760::AID-ANGE4760>3.0.CO;2-6
P.B. Taunk, R. Das, D.P. Bisen, R.K. Tamrakar, N. Rathor. Synthesis and optical properties of chemical bath deposited ZnO thin film. Int. J. Adv. Res. Sci. Eng. 1, 159 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.11.002
H. Giefers, F. Porsch. Shear induced phase transition in PbO under high pressure. Physica B 400, 53 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2007.06.033
P. Canepa, P. Ugliengo, M. Alfredsson. Elastic and vibrational properties of α- and β-PbO. J. Phys. Chem. C, 116, 21514 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3036988
G.L.J. Trettenhahn, G.E. Nauer, A. Neckel. Vibrational spectroscopy on the PbO-PbSO4 system and some related compounds: Part 1. Fundamentals, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Vibr. Spectrosc. 5, 85 (1993)
https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-2031(93)87058-2
R.L. Frost, W. Martens, J.T. Kloprogge, Z. Ding. Raman spectroscopy of selected lead minerals of environmental significance. Spectrochim. Acta A 59, 2705 (2003)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00054-4
O. Kapush, N. Mazur, A. Lysytsya, M.V. Moroz, B.D. Nechyporuk, B.P. Rudyk, V.M. Dzhagan, M.Ya. Valakh, V.O. Yukhymchuk. Physical properties of nanocrystalline PbS synthesized by electrolytic method. Phys. Chem. Solid State 24, 262 (2023).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
