Effect of Sputtering Power on Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Electrochromic Thin Films
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.11.973Keywords:
electrochromic, nickel oxide, DC magnetron sputteringAbstract
The preparation and characterization of nickel oxide (NiO) thin film for electrochromic smart window applications are studied. The NiO thin film was prepared by the DC magnetron sputtering from a pure nickel target. The sputtering power was varies in the interval 50–200 W. The crystallinity and physical morphology of NiO films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The XRD result revealed that polycrystalline NiO thin films with preferred growth directions along (111) and (200) planes are obtained. Moreover, the electrochromic property of NiO thin films was investigated with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The colored state of the electrochromic cell was obtained by the ion insertion at the 1-V external applied bias in 0.1 M KOH. The reversibility between the colored and bleached states is confirmed by the optical transmittance. The result shows the optical contrast as high as 28.68.
References
H.N. Cui, M.F. Costa, V. Teixeira, I. Porqueras, E. Bertran. Electrochromic coatings for smart windows. Surf. Sci.
-535, 1127 (2003).
E.L. Runnerstrom, A. Llorde, S.D. Lounisac, D.J. Milliron. Nanostructured electrochromic smart windows: Traditional materials and NIR-selective plasmonic nanocrystals. Chem. Commun. 50, 10555 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03109A
W. Cheng, M. Moreno-Gonzalez, K. Hu, C. Krzyszkowski, D.J. Dvorak, D.M. Weekes, B. Tam, C.P. Berlinguette. Solution-deposited solid-state electrochromic windows. Science 10, 80 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.014
M. Da Rocha, A. Rougier. Electrochromism of non-stoichiometric NiO thin film: as single layer and in full device. Appl. Phys. A 122, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9923-z
M.P. Browne, H. Nolan, N.C. Berner, G.S. Duesberg, P.E. Colavita, M.E.G. Lyons. Electrochromic nickel oxide films for smart window applications. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 11, 6636 (2016). https://doi.org/10.20964/2016.08.38
H. Huang, J. Tian, W.K. Zhang, Y.P. Gan, X.Y. Tao, X.H. Xia, J.P. Tu. Electrochromic properties of porous NiO thin film as a counter electrode for NiO/WO3 complementary electrochromic window. Electrochim. Acta. 56, 4281 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.078
Q. Liu, Q. Chen, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Zhong, G. Dong, M.P. Delplancke-Ogletre, H. Terryn, K. Baert, F. Reniers, X. Diao. In-situ electrochromic efficiency of nickel oxide thin film: Origin of electrochemical process and electrochromic degradation. J. Mater. Chem. C 6, 646 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC04696K
D. R. Sahu, T.J. Wu, S.C. Wang, J.L. Huang. Electrochromic behavior of NiO film prepared by e-beam evaporation. J. Sci.: Advanced Materials and Devices 2, 225 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2017.05.001
F. Ozutok, S. Demiri, E. Ozbek. Electrochromic NiO thin films prepared by spin coating. AIP Conf. Proc. 1815, 050011 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976389
M. Guziewicz, J. Grochowski, M. Borysiewicz, E. Kaminska, J.Z. Domagala, W. Rzodkiewicz, B.S. Witkowski, K. Golaszewska, R. Kruszka, M. Ekielski, A. Piotrowska. Electrical and optical properties of NiO films deposited by magnetron sputtering. Opt. Appl. 41, 431 (2011).
K.M. Nair, S. Priya. Advances and Applications in Electroceramics II: Ceramic Transactions (Wiley, 2012), Vol. 235 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118511350 [ISBN: 9781118273357].
D.J. Kwak, M.W. Park, Y.M. Sung. Discharge power dependence of structural and electrical properties of Al-doped ZnO conducting film by magnetron sputtering (for PDP). Vacuum 83, 113 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.03.099
A. Chaoumead, Y. Sung, D.J. Kwak. The effects of RF sputtering power and gas pressure on structural and electrical properties of ITO thin film. Adv. Cond. Matter Phys. 2012, 1 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/651587
K.S. Dijith, R. Aiswarya, M. Praveen, S. Pillai, K.P. Surendran. Polyol derived Ni and NiFe alloys for effective shielding of electromagnetic interference. Mater. Chem. Front. 2, 1829 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8QM00264A
K. Yoshimura, T. Miki, S. Tanemura. Nickel oxide electrochromic thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2440 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.34.2440
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
