Electrically Induced and Controllable Pyroelectricity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe70.11.794Keywords:
pyroelectric effect, artificial pyroelectricity, non-polar crystals, paraelectrics, relaxor ferroelectricsAbstract
The main reason for the pyroelectric effect in a polar crystal is that any change in temperature disrupts the established equilibrium between the degree of self-orientation of polar clusters and the intensity of thermal motion in the crystal lattice. This causes thermally induced electric polarization, which is compensated by electric charges that arise on the surface of the pyroelectric material. The conventional pyroelectric effect is only possible in crystals with unidirectional polar symmetry, but another physical mechanism is proposed below, which makes it possible to expand the capabilities of remote temperature measurement. Electrically induced pyroelectricity, maintained and controlled by a bias electric field, is significantly manifested only in paraelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics, whose high polarizability leads to the appearance of polar clusters. The competition between their ordering under the applied bias field and the disordering effect of thermal motion leads to a thermopolarization effect similar to the primary pyroelectric effect.
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