Surface Morphology of the Films of the C60/С70 Fullerene Mixture. Identification of C60 and С70 in the C60/С70 Films Using Absorption Spectra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe68.5.318Keywords:
thin film, surface morphology, absorption spectra, fitting, Gaussians, C60/C70 mixtureAbstract
Films of the C60/C70 mixture are deposited onto various substrates in a vacuum of 6.5 mPa using the thermal sublimation method. The surface morphology of 195-nm C60/C70 films is studied. It is found that polycrystalline and quasi-amorphous C60/C70 films are formed on silica and copper substrates, respectively. The nature of the C60 and C70 absorption bands has been discussed in detail by analyzing the literature and our data. The absorption spectra of the C60 and C70 films and the C60/C70 mixture films are described as the sum of Gaussian functions. The absorption bands of C60 (at 2.474, 3.440, and 3.640 eV) and C70 (at 2.594, 2.804, 3.018, and 3.252 eV) can be used to identify those substances in fullerene mixtures. C60 is found to be the dominant component in the C60/C70 films.
References
H.W. Kroto, J.R. Heath, S.C. O'Brien, R.F. Curl, R.E. Smalley. C60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 318, 162 (1985).
https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a0
A. Graja, J.-P. Farges. Optical spectra of C60 and C70 complexes. Their similarities and differences. Adv. Mater. Opt. Electron. 8, 215 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0712(1998090)8:5<215::AID-AMO338>3.0.CO;2-#
L. Benatto, C.F.N. Marchiori, T. Talka, M. Aramini, N.A.D. Yamamoto, S. Huotari, L.S. Roman, M. Koehler. Comparing C60 and C70 as acceptor in organic solar cells: Influence of the electronic structure and aggregation size on the photovoltaic characteristics. Thin Solid Films. 697, 137827 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2020.137827
Y. Yi, V. Coropceanu, J.-L. Br'edas. Exciton-dissociation and charge-recombination processes in pentacene/C60 solar cells: Theoretical insight into the impact of interface geometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15777 (2009).
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja905975w
P. Brown, P.V. Kamat. Quantum dot solar cells. Electrophoretic deposition of CdSe-C60 composite films and capture of photogenerated electrons with nC60 cluster shell. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 8890 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja802810c
H. Yi, D. Huang, L. Qin, G. Zeng, C. Lai, M. Cheng, S. Ye, B. Song, X. Ren, X. Guo. Selective prepared carbon nanomaterials for advanced photocatalytic application in environmental pollutant treatment and hydrogen production. Appl. Catal. B 239, 408 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.068
P. Mroz, G.P. Tegos, H. Gali, T.Wharton, T. Sarna, M.R. Hamblin. Photodynamic therapy with fullerenes. Photochem. Photobio. Sci. 6, 1139 (2007).
https://doi.org/10.1039/b711141j
S. Afreen, K. Muthoosamy, S. Manickam, U.Hashim. Functionalized fullerene (C60) as a potential nanomediator in the fabrication of highly sensitive biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 63, 354 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.044
S. Pfuetzner, J. Meiss, A. Petrich, M. Riede, K. Leo. Improved bulk heterojunction organic solar cells employing C70 fullerenes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 223307 (2009).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3148664
H. Ajie, M. M. Alvarez, S. J. Anz, R.D. Beck, F. Diederich, K. Fostiropoulos, D.R. Kraetschmer, M. Rubin, K.E. Schriver, D. Sensharma, R.L. Whetten. Characterization of the soluble all-carbon molecules C60 and C70. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 8630 (1990).
https://doi.org/10.1021/j100387a004
W. Kr¨atschmer, L. Lamb, K. Fostiropoulos, D. R. Huffman. Solid C60: a new form of carbon. Nature 347, 354 (1990).
https://doi.org/10.1038/347354a0
S. Leach, M. Vervloet, A. Despres, E.Breheret, J.P. Hare, T.J. Dennis, H.W. Kroto, R. Taylor, D.R.M. Walton. Electronic spectra and transitions of the fullerene C60. Chem. Phys. 160, 451 (1992).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(92)80012-K
S. Mochizuki, M. Sasaki, R. Ruppin. An optical study on C60 vapour, microcrystal beam and film. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 2347 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/10/015
J. Hora, P. Panek, K. Navratil, B. Handlirova, J. Humlicek, H. Sitter, D. Stifter. Optical response of C60 thin films and solutions. Phys. Rev. B 54, 5106 (1996).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.5106
W. Zhou, S. Xie, S. Qian, T. Zhou, R. Zhao, G. Wang, L. Quian, W. Li. Optical absorption spectra of C70 thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 80, 459 (1996).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.362747
G. Orlandi, F. Negri. Electronic states and transitions in C60 and C70 fullerenes. Photochem. Photobio. Sci. 1, 289 (2002).
https://doi.org/10.1039/b200178k
R.C. Haddon, L.E. Brus, K. Ragnavachari. Electronic structure and bonding in icosahedral C60. Chem. Phys. Lett. 125, 459 (1986).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(86)87079-8
S. Saito, A. Oshiyama. Cohesive mechanism and energy bands of solid C60. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2637 (1991).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2637
V. Capozzi, G. Casamassima, G.F. Lorusso et al. Optical spectra and photoluminescence of C60 thin films. Solid State Commun. 98, 853 (1996).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(96)00060-9
S. Kazaoui, N. Minami. Optical and electrical properties of C60, C70, nanotubes and endohedral fullerenes. In Macromolecular Science and Engineering. Edited by Y. Tanabe (Springer, 1999).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58559-3_23
T. E. Saraswati, U. H. Setiawan, M. R. Ihsan, I. Isnaeni, Y. Herbani. The study of the optical properties of C60 fullerene in different organic solvents. Open Chem. 17, 1198 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0117
K. Yabana, G.F. Bertsch. Forbidden transitions in the absorption spectra of C60. Chem. Phys. Lett. 197, 32 (1992).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)86017-C
J.P. Hare, H.W. Kroto, R. Taylor. Preparation and 'UV/visible spectra of fullerenes C60 and C70. Chem. Phys. Lett. 177, 394 (1991).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)85072-5
G.E. Scuseria. The equilibrium structure of C70. An ab initio Hartree-Fock study. Chem. Phys. Lett. 180, 451 (1991).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)85148-P
J. Shumway, S. Satpathy. Polarization-dependent optical properties of C70. Chem. Phys. Lett. 211, 595 (1993).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)80149-J
R.E. Stratmann, G.E. Scuseria1, M.J. Frisch. Density functional study of the infrared vibrational spectra of C70. J. Raman Spectrosc. 29, 483 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199806)29:6<483::AID-JRS268>3.0.CO;2-Q
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Agreement
License to Publish the Paper
Kyiv, Ukraine
The corresponding author and the co-authors (hereon referred to as the Author(s)) of the paper being submitted to the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Paper) from one side and the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, represented by its Director (hereon referred to as the Publisher) from the other side have come to the following Agreement:
1. Subject of the Agreement.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the free non-exclusive right to use the Paper (of scientific, technical, or any other content) according to the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement.
2. The ways of using the Paper.
2.1. The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as follows.
2.1.1. To publish the Paper in the Ukrainian Journal of Physics (hereon referred to as the Journal) in original language and translated into English (the copy of the Paper approved by the Author(s) and the Publisher and accepted for publication is a constitutive part of this License Agreement).
2.1.2. To edit, adapt, and correct the Paper by approval of the Author(s).
2.1.3. To translate the Paper in the case when the Paper is written in a language different from that adopted in the Journal.
2.2. If the Author(s) has(ve) an intent to use the Paper in any other way, e.g., to publish the translated version of the Paper (except for the case defined by Section 2.1.3 of this Agreement), to post the full Paper or any its part on the web, to publish the Paper in any other editions, to include the Paper or any its part in other collections, anthologies, encyclopaedias, etc., the Author(s) should get a written permission from the Publisher.
3. License territory.
The Author(s) grant(s) the Publisher the right to use the Paper as regulated by sections 2.1.1–2.1.3 of this Agreement on the territory of Ukraine and to distribute the Paper as indispensable part of the Journal on the territory of Ukraine and other countries by means of subscription, sales, and free transfer to a third party.
4. Duration.
4.1. This Agreement is valid starting from the date of signature and acts for the entire period of the existence of the Journal.
5. Loyalty.
5.1. The Author(s) warrant(s) the Publisher that:
– he/she is the true author (co-author) of the Paper;
– copyright on the Paper was not transferred to any other party;
– the Paper has never been published before and will not be published in any other media before it is published by the Publisher (see also section 2.2);
– the Author(s) do(es) not violate any intellectual property right of other parties. If the Paper includes some materials of other parties, except for citations whose length is regulated by the scientific, informational, or critical character of the Paper, the use of such materials is in compliance with the regulations of the international law and the law of Ukraine.
6. Requisites and signatures of the Parties.
Publisher: Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Address: Ukraine, Kyiv, Metrolohichna Str. 14-b.
Author: Electronic signature on behalf and with endorsement of all co-authors.
.png){kind=small}
